2 Storage & Conversion Tech LRS HRS

DEWATS

DEWATS is a technical approach to decentralized wastewater treatment in developing communities. The passive design uses physical and biological treatment mechanisms such as sedimentation, floatation, aerobic and anaerobic treatment to treat both domestic and industrial wastewater sources. DEWATS is designed to be affordable, low maintenance, use local materials, and meet environmental laws and regulations. DEWATS has service packages available for the sanitation needs of small and medium sized enterprises including communities, schools, municipalities, agro-industry, emergency settlements, hospitals, hotels, and prisons.

BORDA

Asia, Africa, Latin America

https://www.borda.org/solutions/decentralised-sanitation-systems-2/

0%

Available

2 Storage & Conversion Tech LRS HRS

Biogas Reactor

A biogas reactor or anaerobic digester is an anaerobic treatment technology that produces (a) a digested slurry (digestate) that can be used as a fertilizer and (b) biogas that can be used for energy. Biogas is a mix of methane, carbon dioxide and other trace gases which can be converted to heat, electricity or light.

Biogas Reactors are simple and effective. They are used globally in low to high resource settings.

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2 Storage & Conversion Tech LRS HRS

LooWatt

he Loowatt is a waterless toilet system that transforms human waste into biofuel. The composting toilet is molded from 90% horse dung and features a biodegradable lining that stores excrement in a sealed, odor-free container. Once the toilet is full, the user takes the package of poo to an outdoor biodigester, which in exchange, provides a free source of biofuel for cooking.

LooWatt

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Concept

2 Toilet System HRS

Airhead Composting Toilet

Composting toilet that separates solids and liquids

Eos Design LLC

https://airheadtoilet.com

2 Toilet System HRS

Kazuba Waterless Composting Toilets

Waterless composting toilet

Kazuba

https://kazuba.eu/en/home/

2 Toilet System LRS

Easy Latrine

The Easy Latrine consists of a pan, a bucket of water with a ladle, and pipes to connect a hut to a latrine buried in the ground. The latrine itself has three receptacles made of rings of concrete bound by the ash of rice husks — material that's readily at hand and much cheaper than cement.

Engineering for Change

https://www.engineeringforchange.org

2 Toilet System LRS

Ecodomeo

Ecodomeo dry toilets seperate the liquids from the solids: The first are evacuated through the household used-water system, the second evacuated to a closed space where they are then reduced into compost by earthworms.

Ecodomeo

http://www.ecodomeo.com/english/

2 Toilet System LRS

Ecosan Waterless Toilet

A sanitation system that does not require any water to function. It is entirely isolated from the surrounding environment and cannot contaminate underground water resources. The system utilizes a natural biological process to break down human waste into a dehydrated odorless compost-like material.

http://www.ecosan.co.za

2 Toilet System LRS

Otji Dry Toilet Solutions

A perforated container as collecting device under the toilet pot separates solid from liquid. The solid stays in the container while the liquid runs through a perforated concrete panel underneath the container, from where it filtrates into the ground. After approximately six months the container is filled up with solid

Namibia

https://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-915-otji-toilet-new-2009-eu-version1.pdf

2 Toilet System LRS

SanBox

Manufactured by RFL, SanBox is an innovative, simple, easy and high quality toilet in a box. Designed by iDE-Bangladesh, SanBox’s simplicity eliminates many of the challenges around complex designs that consumers are unable to understand, install or even use. The SanBox bundles together all the components of a latrine midstructure (user interface to pit) removing concerns with household level quality control.

iDE Bangladesh RFL

Bangladesh

Banga Building Materials Ltd. Chowdhury Hasan Tariq E: coo.bbml@prangroup.com T: +88 029 881 792

www.rflbd.com

0%

2 Toilet System LRS

Banza Toilet

Banza Sanitation

https://banzasanitation.wordpress.com

1

1

1

0

1

21%

Discontinued

2 Toilet System LRS

EcoSan UDT

Ecological Sanitation is an approach to sanitation provision which aims to safely reuse excreta in agriculture. It desires to "close the loop" mainly for the nutrients and organic matter between sanitation and agriculture. One of the aims is to minimize the use of non-renewable resources. When properly designed and operated, ecosan systems provide a hygienically safe system to convert human excreta into nutrients to be returned to the soil, and water to be returned to the land.

Multiple

-

http://www.ecosanres.org/factsheets.htm

-

1

0

1

1

1

21%

Available

Not to be confused with the ECO-SAN Toilet mentioned elsewhere

2 Toilet System LRS

ArborLoo

A single pit toilet (can be VIP) that when full becomes a planting bed for a tree.

This is only viable in rural areas.

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2 Toilet System LRS

S.P.U.D. Toilet

A self-contained urine-diverting unit.  The toilet is solar powered to dry and process the waste anaerobically, and composts waste to be disposed of by users. Designed at a household scale, target users are families of 4-6 people.

African Sanitation Outsourcing

South Africa

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Concept

2 Toilet System LRS

Tiger Toilet

The Tiger Toilet faecal waste solution consists of a strong and durable toilet room and the Tiger biodigester attached to it

TBF Environmental Solutions

www.tbfenvironmental.in

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2 Toilet System LRS

Zyclone Cube

Integrating with a conventional flushing toilet, the Zyclone Cube is designed for efficiently separating and effectively treating both solid and liquid fractions. The unique Zyclone shape achieves liquid separation at greater than 98%. The solids fraction is dropped into a screw heating device that operates intermittently in dehumidifying and inactivating pathogenic contents. The liquid is further treated by integrated adsorptive media (e.g. modified soil and zeolite) in a series of anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic chambers prior to a final step of electrochemical disinfection.

AIT
SCG Chemicals CO., LTD

https://www.scgchemicals.com/en/products-services/technology-service-solutions/reinvented-toilet-total-solution

BMGF

1

4

3

1

4

68%

Prototype

2 Toilet System LRS HRS

E-Toilet

Prefabricated community toilets

ERAM Scientific Solutions

https://eramscientific.com/e-toilets/

BMGF

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Single Pit Latrine

-

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Cesspool or Pit

A cesspit, or cesspool is a tank pit used for the temporary collection and storage of sewage or waste. The pit is sometimes lined with bricks or concrete and mostly covered with a slab. In case the pit is constructed water-tight, it needs to be emptied frequently. When the pit is not tight, liquids leached out if soil conditions allow, while solids decay and collect in the base. The treatment effect of a cesspit is very low. Emptying can result in high operation and maintenance costs. Cesspits which allow soil infiltration require less frequent emptying but groundwater pollution can occur

-

-

-

-

0

0

0

0

0

0%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Fossa Alterna (double pit latrine)

The Fossa Alterna is a short cycle alternating, waterless (dry) double pit technology. Compared to the double VIP which is just designed to collect, store and partially treat excreta, the Fossa Alterna is designed to make an earth-like product that can be used as a nutrient-rich soil conditioner.

-

-

https://www.appropedia.org/Fossa_Alterna

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0%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

None - direct discharge

Waste is not contained but rather sent directly to a gutter, into the environment, or into a body of water.

-

-

-

-

0

0

1

0

1

11%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Composting Toilet

Composting toilets are toilet systems comprised of a superstructure, a pan or slab, and a vault or pit in which feces or excreta fall together with cleansing material (the composting chamber). Dry organic material such as sawdust is added to adjust moisture content and C/N ratio in order to obtain optimum conditions for thermophilic composting. Composting toilets can be used to treat both excreta and organic household or garden waste and to transform it into a valuable soil amendment. Composting toilets rarely work. Users misuse them and the composting chamber doesn’t get hot enough or remain hot enough for composting and treatment to occur. UD Composting toilets are better but are still problematic.

Multiple

-

-

-

0

1

1

0

1

16%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Corbelled Latrine

ow-cost rural sanitation pit latrine design (corbelled latrine). The typical corbelled pit latrine consists of a 3 m-deep pit with a dome in the middle to reduce the diameter towards the top keyhole (squat hole). No cement.

Mzuzu University

Rochelle Holm
rochelle@rochelleholm.com

http://mzuniwatsan.com

0

0

1

1

1

16%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Double Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP)

The double VIP has almost the same design as the single VIP with the added advantage of a second pit that allows it to be used continuously and permits safer and easier emptying

Multiple

-

-

-

0

0

1

1

1

16%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Incineration Toilet

An incineration toilet burns biological waste at high temperatures, leaving only an insignificant quantity of ash amounting to the equivalent of about one teacup for four people during one week of use. Waste is burned in an enclosed incineration chamber, and combustion gases are expelled through a separate ventilation pipe.

Cinderella
Incinolet
Ecojohn
Sirius Technology
Jets
Storburn International
Dirac Inc.
KAIST

https://www.cinderellaeco.com/ch-en/articles/what-is-an-incineration-toilet/

-

1

1

0

1

0

16%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Single Pit

The single pit is one of the most widely used sanitation technologies. Excreta, along with anal cleansing materials (water or solids) are deposited into a pit. Lining the pit prevents it from collapsing and provides support to the superstructure.

-

-

-

-

0

0

1

1

1

16%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Twin Pits for Pour Flush

This technology consists of two alternating pits connected to a pour flush toilet. The blackwater (and in some cases greywater) is collected in the pits and allowed to slowly infiltrate into the surrounding soil. Over time, the solids are sufficiently dewatered and can be manually removed with a shovel and reused on-site, much like compost, to improve soil fertility and fertilise crops . Although most pathogens are filtered during soil infiltration or die-off with time and distance, there remains a risk of groundwater pollution, particularly in densely populated areas or in areas with a high groundwater table

-

-

-

-

1

0

1

1

1

21%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP)

Excreta drops into an unlined pit. Ventilation and screens are designed to reduce smells and insects that might transmit waste. Waste water leaches into the soil.

-

-

-

1

0

1

1

1

21%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Composting Chamber

Storage container that promotes aerobic digestion. They work better when a UD toilet is used. More complex than a VIP, often made of plastic, includes ventilation & drainage, low volume. Molded units unlikely to be used in resource poor environments.

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Container

Container-based sanitation (CBS) relies on liquid-tight containers to temporarily store waste. CBS can be used with squat plates, pedestal toilets, and urinals. Often, a service provider collects the waste on a regular basis (daily, weekly, on-demand) and transports the waste to a local facility for treatment and use.

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Container Based Sanitation (CBS)

Container-based sanitation (abbreviated as CBS) refers to a sanitation system where toilets collect human excreta in sealable, removable containers (also called cartridges) that are transported to treatment facilities. This type of sanitation involves a commercial service which provides toilets and delivers empty containers when picking up full ones. The service transports and safely disposes of or reuses collected excreta. This is essentially a dry, urine diverting toilet. Excreta is deposited into relatively small containers (i.e. 20L for urine and 50L for feces). The waste is collected on a daily to weekly basis by a service provider. Typically used in dense population settings.

Multiple Sanergy

www.sanergy.com

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Dehydration Vault

Dehydration vaults are used to collect, store and dry (dehydrate) feces. Feces will only dehydrate when the vaults are well ventilated, watertight to prevent external moisture from entering, and when urine and anal cleansing water are diverted away from the vaults. Similar to UD dual VIP but relies on cover material. Also similar to Earth Auger toilet.

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Conventional System Chamber System Drip Distribution System Aerobic Treatment Unit Mound Systems Recirculating Sand Filter System Evapotranspiration System Constructed Wetland System Cluster / Community System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank - Recirculating Sand Filter System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Aerobic Treatment Unit

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Aerobic Treatment UnitMound SystemsRecirculating Sand Filter SystemEvapotranspiration SystemConstructed Wetland SystemCluster / Community System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Chamber System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Chamber SystemDrip Distribution SystemAerobic Treatment UnitMound SystemsRecirculating Sand Filter SystemEvapotranspiration SystemConstructed Wetland SystemCluster / Community System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Cluster / Community System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available

2a Storage & Conversion Tech Types

Septic Tank Constructed Wetland System

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which blackwater and greywater flows for primary treatment. Septic systems treat wastewater from household plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, laundry, etc.) through both natural and technological processes, typically beginning with solids settling in a septic tank, and ending with wastewater treatment in the soil via the drainfield.



Multiple

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

26%

Available